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The garden is a fragment of the former burial ground of St Dunstan in the West, the church located further south facing onto Fleet Street. Bream's Buildings was an C18th close off Chancery Lane that was extended to Fetter Lane in 1882. St Dunstan's was the last medieval City church to be rebuilt. First mentioned in c.1185, it was later known as St Dunstan in the West to distinguish it from St Dunstan in the East. The old church escaped the Great Fire in 1666, but by the early C19th was dilapidated and a new church was built by 1833 further to the north on the part of the burial ground. What remains of the burial ground is now overlooked by 1960s offices, a small public garden entered through a modest gate, from where steps lead to a raised area of grass, trees and shrubs, re-landscaped by 2009. A few tombstones remain inside the boundary railings and in shrubbery on the west perimeter.
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The church is likely to be of Saxon origin and is dedicated to Edmund, the King of East Anglia who died in 870 attempting to escape the attacking Danes. It was also known as St Edmund's Grass-church due to the grass market once held nearby. It was burnt down in the Great Fire and rebuilt under the supervision of Wren; it was later restored in 1864 and again following WWII damage. In 2001 it became the London Centre for Spirituality. The existence of the churchyard is referred to in 1220; it closed for burials in 1853 and now has a small enclosed garden. Among those buried here was John Shute (d.1563), an architect who published what may be the first work on practical architecture in England. Joseph Addison, the celebrated essayist and politician, married Charlotte, Countess Dowager of Warwick and Holland, at St Edmund's in 1716.
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There has been a church here since at least 1180 and the first mention of 'St Adelburga' is in 1250. St Ethelburga was one of the oldest medieval churches in the City, having survived the Great Fire of London and the Blitz, but was devastated by an IRA bomb in April 1993. It was completely rebuilt and re-opened in November 2002 as a Centre for Reconciliation and Peace. The former churchyard, which prior to the IRA bomb was laid out as a garden, was re-designed as a small peace garden, planted with a specially-created St Ethelburga's Rose, a statue of the saint and a fountain that had previously stood in a garden beyond the current boundary wall.
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* on The National Heritage List for England, Parks & Gardens
The body of King Edmund the Martyr reputedly rested in a church outside Cripplegate in 1010 although 1090 is recorded as the date of the first church of St Giles Cripplegate. The building was added to and rebuilt a number of times from the C14th onwards. Badly damaged by WWII bombing, it was restored in 1960 within the new Barbican Estate. Among well-known people buried here were John Fox (d.1587), historian John Speed (d.1629) and John Milton (d.1674). The churchyard ceased to be used for burials following the 1855 Burial Act and by 1875 was public open space. In 1965 the Corporation of London paved part of the former churchyard to create new public space and north of the church are C18th and C19th gravestones set into raised beds. The church overlooks remains of the old London Wall, the ditch now marked by a water-filled extension of the Barbican lake opposite the Barber-Surgeons' Hall Gardens.
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The former churchyard of St Helen Bishopsgate is now a largely paved semi-circular area in front of the church with mature plane trees, a small amount of planting, seating and a number of tombs including an altar tomb to Joseph Lem (d.1686). The low stone wall shows that it was once railed. It was being used as public open space by 1875, following closure for burials as result of the 1855 Burial Act. St Helen's Church dates from at least the C12th and is unusual in having twin naves as a result of a nuns' church, now the north aisle, which was built parallel to the parish church to serve a Benedictine nunnery established c.1200-1215.
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St James Garlickhythe is probably so-called due to its proximity to a hithe or wharf where garlic was landed and sold. The earliest date of a church here is 1170; it was rebuilt in 1326 probably through the will of Sheriff Richard Rothing. Among others buried here were Richard Lions, a wine merchant beheaded by Wat Tyler's rebels, and a number of Lord Mayors of London of the C14th, C15th and C16th. In 1808 the churchyard was enclosed by iron railings and in 1814/5 a small engine house for the parish fire engine was erected at the north east corner, surviving until WWII. New railings and gates ornamented with grape vines were donated by the Vintners' Company in c.1965 enclosing the small area of churchyard that remains in front of the church. A bronze statue of 'The Barge Master and Swan Marker of the Vintners Company' is installed in the landscaped area to the west of the church.
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The Goldsmiths' Garden is on the site of the churchyard and medieval church of St John Zachary, which was damaged in the Great Fire. Part of its steeple was demolished and the church probably ceased to be used at that time, although part of the ruins remained until the C19th. The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths had acquired land here in 1339, and built the earliest recorded Livery Hall. After part of the Company's property was demolished in WWII, the site was first laid out as a garden in 1941, redesigned in later years. The former churchyard is to the west, a raised garden with a number of gravestones and trees. Steps lead down to the excavated site of the church, laid out as a sunken garden with lawn, hard surround and seating against the retaining wall. A central fountain was installed in 1995 and a sculpture relocated here from New Street Square in 2009.
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The present church of St Katharine Cree was built in 1628-31 when the older church was pulled down apart from its tower of c.1504. Creechurch, abbreviated from Christchurch, referred to the Priory of Holy Trinity, Christ Church in Aldgate, founded in 1108. St Katharine's served inhabitants of the priory precinct before it became a separate parish church in 1414. According to church records of 1565 the churchyard was occasionally the venue for performance of morality plays by groups of travelling actors. Its current layout as a garden dates from 1965; the C17th gateway to the churchyard was installed with a wall fountain, and a plaque records it as the Fitch Garden, 'dedicated to those who work in this City and to the memory of James Fitch 1762-1818'. Fitch had opened a cheesemongers shop near here in 1784, a family firm still existing as Fitch Lovell Ltd when the garden was opened in 1965.
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St Katherine Coleman Church existed here by 1346, rebuilt probably in the C15th and then replaced in 1739/40 by a new brick church, which was eventually demolished in 1926. There were extensive vaults accessed from the west of the church where graves were dug rather than coffins deposited therein. The former churchyard's stone gate piers and railings remain on St Katherine's Row, where there is a plaque recording the site of the church. The churchyard survives as a small public garden owned by Lloyd's Register of Shipping. It was re-landscaped as part of the new development by Richard Rogers for Lloyds' Register in 1996-2000, and is largely hard-surfaced with two mature trees, raised beds, seating and a fountain.
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St Laurence Pountney is so-named after Sir John Poultney or de Pulteney, Lord Mayor of London in the 1330s, who founded Corpus Christi College in the parish of St Lawrence. Church and college were destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 and not rebuilt, the parish then united with that of St Mary Abchurch. The site consists of two raised and railed gardens divided by a lower pedestrian passage to Martin Lane, the area in the north being the site of the church, which was used for burial after its destruction, with the original burial ground to the south. Both gardens are private, and contain trees, shrubs and a number of tombs, that to the south for private use of adjoining residences.
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A church dedicated to St Magnus the Martyr has been on the site from at least the C11th. An earlier building destroyed in the Great Fire was rebuilt by Wren in 1671-84, the stone tower completed some 30 years later, its projecting clock once the only clock visible to those crossing London Bridge. Among those buried here were various City dignitaries including Lord Mayors of London of the C14th-C17th. The church was substantially altered in the 1760s firstly following a fire and soon after this when the road onto Old London Bridge was widened. A pedestrian route was created by demolishing two of the church's west bays, when the lower storey of the tower became an external porch. In the churchyard is a fragment of timber, one of the oak baulks of which the early Roman embankment was built, and fragments of stone arches from Old London Bridge.
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Lothbury is first recorded in connection with St Margaret's Church in the late C12th and probably derives from a family called Lotha. The medieval church was rebuilt in 1440, destroyed in the Great Fire in 1666 and the present church by Christopher Wren dates from 1683-9. St Margaret's is now sandwiched between two commercial buildings, the Overseas Bankers' Club of 1866 to the east, and the former Royal Bank of Canada of 1932 to the west. To the north what remains of the churchyard is a small secluded garden.