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The Tower of London is a World Heritage Centre. Within the site are a number of landscaped areas, the outer moat area of the Tower is publicly inaccessible while the inner area is accessible to visitors to the Tower. This includes Tower Green, which is situated in front of the Governor's residence, bounded on two sides by C18th and C19th dwellings and by the church of St Peter ad Vincula to the north.
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This was originally an open square with late C18th terraced houses on its north and east sides. It was renamed Trafalgar Square after Nelson's victory of 1805, the first of four such squares in London. By 1813 there were terraced houses on the south side. A circular garden was later replaced by a rectangular garden that opened to the public in 1885 as Trafalgar Square Garden, the name changed to Trafalgar Gardens in 1937. It is now entirely hard paved and used as playground with a block of basketball courts behind high fencing.
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Tredegar Square was laid out from 1828 with houses designed for prosperous merchants. It is named after Sir Charles Morgan of Tredegar who owned land at Mile End. At least two, and possibly all four sides of the square were built by William Miller, who sought to emulate John Nash. In 1888 the central garden comprised a simple rectilinear system of paths, but it was later re-landscaped as a large central circle intersected by four auriculate lobes with a central hard paved area.
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Trinity Hospital or Almshouses were built in 1695 by the Corporation of Trinity House to house retired master mariners or their widows. The land was donated by Captain Henry Mudd of Ratcliffe. The almshouses formed two rows either side of a small oblong green, with a central chapel. The path layout remains little changed, although the green was once enclosed by a wooden palisade fence and there are now two rows of dwarf trees. The almshouses were purchased by the LCC in 1954 then transferred to Stepney Borough Council for rented accommodation and renamed Trinity Green.
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Trinity Square Garden was laid out in 1795 as the setting for Trinity House, and the garden was preserved as open space under a Special Act of Parliament in 1797. To the north of the garden are the buildings that recall maritime history: Trinity House and the former Port of London Authority headquarters. Within the public garden is the Merchant Navy Memorial, consisting of the First World War section by Sir Edwin Lutyens and the Second World War section by Sir Edward Maufe, laid out in the form of a sunken garden. Two annual events take place at the Merchant Navy Memorial: Merchant Navy Day (3rd September), is commemorated with a service held on the nearest Sunday, organised by the Merchant Navy Association. Armistice Day (11th November) is also commemorated at the Memorial with the Remembrance Day service, organised by the Honourable Company of Master Mariners, taking place prior to or after the 11th, depending on the nearest Sunday. Within the garden is the Tower Hill Memorial marking the site of the scaffold where nobility were beheaded between 1381-1780 usually following imprisonment in the Tower.
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The site was formerly a Quaker Burial Ground established in 1687, the last burial taking place in 1857. It was laid out as a public garden and opened in 1880, later called as Vallance Road Recreation Ground. The garden had a granite drinking fountain, grass, serpentine paths, mature plane trees, some rose beds and a children's playground, but by the late C20th was in a poor state. In 2002 new housing was built on 3 sides, much improving the setting of the garden, which was also re-landscaped. It re-opened in 2003 with new paths, seats, railings and children's playground. Tree planting included a conifer to mark the opening of the housing and gardens.
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* on The National Heritage List for England, Parks & Gardens
Victoria Park was created as part of a government initiative to provide public parks for London's expanding suburbs. It officially opened in 1845, laid out with a perimeter carriage drive, belts of trees and formal bedding displays. The lake in the western section originally had 3 islands, a cascade, ornamental footbridge and a pagoda, and was popular for bathing. Another bathing lake was later formed in the eastern section and was for a time divided into 3. Over the years new facilities have been added, and the park underwent major restoration in 2012.
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Although Wakefield Gardens was laid out in 1992 over the London Underground station, it is on land donated in the 1930s by the Wakefield Trust for public open space for the benefit of local people. It is in front of Tower Hill underground station, which was adapted from a 1961 office building in 1967. The garden contains a large sundial commissioned by London Underground Ltd and unveiled by Denis Tunnicliffe on 3 August 1992, designed by John Chitty; Edwin Russell made the bronze relief panels, which provide a history of the area.
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Formerly known as Wapping Recreation Ground, this was one of the earliest applications under the provisions of the 'Artizans, and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act' of 1875. The gardens were formed on the site of slum clearance in 1886 and were laid by the Metropolitan Board of Works. They were opened to the public on 8th June 1891. Wapping Gardens today have a fountain and playground, with perimeter planting of shrubs and a number of fine plane trees.
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Either side of the original lock entrance at the Pier Head at Wapping are fine Georgian houses that were built for officials of the London Docks Company in 1811-13, designed by Daniel Asher Alexander. The locks were too small for ships then in use by the 1930s and in 1963 the London Docks closed. Today the houses are fronted by pleasant riverside gardens, railed with grass and mature trees, which were created after the Pierhead was infilled.
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Weavers Fields commemorates the important silk and textile industry established in the area in the C17th following the arrival of the Huguenots fleeing from persecution. The area was badly bombed and the park was laid out post WWII, predominantly for sports activities but with some planting, including a wide path with hedging and a number of trees that runs east/west in the north of the park. Shrubbery is planted around the perimeter of the park, which is otherwise largely grassed.
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York Square was part of the development of the Mercers' Company land that took place from the early C19th to coincide with the opening of the London Docks and the West India Docks. Plans were drawn up in 1823 by estate surveyor George Smith for the area north of the newly opened Commercial Road. He laid out a grid of streets focussed on a new square, later called York Square. Much of the original character is preserved today. The central garden was leased to the London County Council and was opened to the public in 1904.