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* on The National Heritage List for England, Parks & Gardens
The Regent's Park was laid out between 1812-30 to designs of John Nash as a fashionable estate of fine villas and terraces set in a private landscaped park. Named for the Prince Regent, the land had been part of the Crown Estate since 1539. While details of Nash's plan were much modified, the overall conception was, and remains, his. Although some areas remain in separate ownership, part of the park was opened to the public in 1835 and today the majority of the park is accessible. During WWI part of the park was temporarily requisitioned by the Ministry of Defence for a military camp and drill ground. The main landscape feature is the curving lake in the south-west quarter; the English Garden laid out in 1865 and Queen Mary's Rose Garden laid out in 1932. The Zoological Gardens were established in the north of the park in 1827-40.
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* on The National Heritage List for England, Parks & Gardens
Regent's University London was formerly occupied by Bedford College, set up in the mid C19th for the higher education of women, which moved to South Villa in Regent's Park in 1908, when new buildings were erected. It continued as such until the 1990s when Regent's College took over the site and mainly ran business courses for foreign nationals. In 2013 the college was awarded university status and it is now Regent's University London. Bedford College had an interesting botany garden, which had included rare specimens, but it was landscaped over when Bedford College left the site. The former botanic garden has since been nurtured as a 'secret garden' as part of the landscape work undertaken in the grounds. The gardens include a sub-tropical rockery by the lake near what may be an old police 'lock-up'; a conservatory garden, open lawns, fine mature trees, and an oriental-themed garden 'room'. Two students from the US who died in the Lockerbie plane crash are commemorated with trees in the gardens.
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Rembrandt Gardens overlook the Regent's Canal on the eastern side of the basin at Little Venice by Browning's Pool, where it joins the Grand Union Canal, Paddington Arm. Created here in the 1950s these ornamental gardens were originally called Warwick Avenue Gardens. In 1975 5000 tulips and 500 hyacinths were donated to mark the 700th anniversary of the foundation of the City of Amsterdam and the gardens were renamed Rembrandt Gardens. There are numerous ornamental beds, shrubs, and a low wall along towpath. During 2006 the gardens underwent a major upgrade of its infrastructure and horticultural features.
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Richmond Terrace is an elegant range of terraced houses built in 1822-24 by Henry Harrison, with his brother George as speculative builder, on the site of Richmond House, which was demolished in 1796. The Portland stone balustraded parapet wall adjacent to No.1 Richmond Terrace, which terminates in a pier surmounted by a Coade stone urn, was also designed by Harrison as part of the overall scheme. Of the original garden layout only the balustraded terrace and a strip of lawn survive, the remainder of the garden now set with cobbles and used as a car park. The terrace was gutted and rebuilt behind the façade in 1984-86, and the railings were reinstated in the 1990s. The entire terrace is now Government offices.
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Riverside Walk Garden is on a triangular site bounded by Millbank and the Thames, overlooked by a row of terraced houses c.1843-45, part of Thomas Cubitt's Pimlico development. Millbank is named for the mill that stood here until 1730 when it was replaced by a private house, itself later demolished when the Millbank Penitentiary was built. Prisoners were held waiting deportation to Australia, and one of two large bollards remains, marking the gateway through which prisoners passed before boarding boats to Australia. The public gardens were created in 1965 when Riverwalk House was built, but underwent a complete re-landscaping in 2004, the new design reflecting the site's historical associations with the river and repositioning Henry Moore's bronze sculpture 'Locking Piece', on loan since 1968. Check current layout, re-landscaping 2016?
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Rutland Gate South Garden and Upper Garden are two fairly narrow gardens in a long dog-legged enclave running off Kensington Road. The early C19th planned layout of this imposing range of terraced houses and their shared pleasure grounds survive virtually intact. The original piers and railings to Kensington Road survive but have been replaced elsewhere in the gardens, the South Garden bordered by fencing and concrete posts. Eresby House, a huge 1930s interloper occupies a site between the two gardens, and has a trim contemporary forecourt garden.
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Savoy Churchyard contains the former Chapel Royal that was built in 1510-16 as part of the Hospital of St John and restored after a fire in 1864/5. The Hospital was built near the site of the Savoy Palace built by Peter, future Count of Savoy on land granted by Henry III in 1245. The palace, later owned by John of Gaunt, was sacked during the Peasants' Revolt of 1381, remaining derelict until 1505 when it was demolished. The churchyard is now laid out as a garden with an oval lawn surrounded by a stone plinth, shrubs and some fine trees, with gravestones on the perimeter.
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Soho Square was built in the late 1670s, originally called King Square after Charles II. It is possibly the earliest London square to be built around a purposely laid out and enclosed garden. It was laid out in 1680-81 on the site of Kemp's Field, or Soho Fields. A statue of Charles II by Caius Gabriel Cibber of 1681 was placed in the centre of the Square but removed c1875 and replaced by a timbered building, part tool-shed, part arbour, and only returned during 1938. The garden was first opened to the public in 1954 when Soho Square Gardens Committee leased it to WCC. The current railings and gates were provided by the Gardens Committee and the City of Westminster in 1959.
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South Street Garden was planned as the centrepiece for new housing built for the Grosvenor Estate, one of three new gardens created on the estate's land in Mayfair that had previously been occupied by stables and other ancillary buildings. It was part of the 10-year programme drawn up by Estate Surveyor Edmund Wimperis when he was appointed in 1910. The private garden, inspired by the Arts and Crafts movement, has lawn, sunken lily pond with brick and tile walls, and a perimeter path with herring bone patterning. Integrated into the brick and tile garden wall is a picturesque potting shed. A large plane tree predates the early C20th layout.
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In 1755 the first Earl Spencer purchased land for his new town house here, a fashionable area with uninterrupted views of the Green Park. Spencer House was built in 1756-60 and survives intact as a palatial private mansion. The first Earl was succeeded by his son, and the garden dates from his time, becoming one of the largest in Piccadilly. It was planted by July 1798, designed by Henry Holland possibly in collaboration with Lavinia, Countess Spencer, wife of the second Earl. The family remained at Spencer House until 1895, and again briefly in the C20th, but it was let continuously from 1927. Now leased to RIT Capital Partners the house and garden have been restored under the chairmanship of Lord Rothschild. The paths, lawn and perimeter beds have been reinstated using plants and shrubs appropriate to the late C18th/early C19th.
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St Anne's Churchyard was delimited by Act of Parliament in 1678, and formed adjacent to the church of St Anne Soho, which was later destroyed by bombing so that only the early C19th tower remains. The churchyard was raised 6 ft above the pavement to accommodate over 13,000 parishioners who were buried here. Closed to burials in 1853, the churchyard was laid out as a public garden by the MPGA in 1892, responsibility for the garden passing to the City of Westminster in 1903. Among those buried here was essayist William Hazlitt whose tomb remains in the gardens. In addition to re-landscaping, the Wall of Light perimeter fencing was installed as an innovative security fence in 2003/4, and in 2007 the Toilet Pod or Artshed was constructed.
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St Clement Danes formerly had a good-sized churchyard, but this was severely reduced as a result of roadworks in 1855 and now remains as a small railed enclosure around the church. A church has existed here since the C9th; the Wren church of 1682 was severely damaged in WWII and restored by the RAF by 1958 when it was re-consecrated. In its small surrounding churchyard is the statue of Samuel Johnson who was a member of the congregation, and nearby are recent statues including that to Bomber Harris.