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The parish of Streatham developed in the Middle Ages, and the medieval church of St Leonard in the middle of the village was rebuilt in the mid C14th. By then Streatham had become wealthier largely due to its position halfway between the palaces of the Archbishops of Canterbury at Lambeth and Croydon, and the village grew up around the main road. St Leonard's churchyard was reputedly the burial place for people who were 'found dead', presumably murdered by highwaymen and other criminals on Streatham Common. There are fine mature trees particularly around the edge of the churchyard and monuments date from the C19th. Part of the churchyard to the west was once part of St Leonard's Rectory Garden.
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There has been a church at Heston since the time of the Norman Conquest, and it was formerly part of the Manor of Isleworth until the separate manor was established in the C13th. The medieval church of St Leonard's was rebuilt in 1866, although the porch is Tudor, and the tower may be C13th. The oak lych-gate dates from c.1450. A stained glass window in the church commemorates Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, and in the churchyard her childhood nurse is buried. Among other famous people buried here is botanist Sir Joseph Banks. The old churchyard extends to Heston Cemetery, making it one of the largest churchyards in the country.
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There has been a church on this site from at least the 1140s when it was granted to the Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate. The current church and Clerk's House date from the 1730s. The birth of English Theatre is said to have originated in Shoreditch when James Burbage leased land in 1576 and built a theatre here, where plays could be performed since it was outside the City walls. Burbage and his sons were all buried in the churchyard, as were many literary and theatrical people and as a result St Leonard's became known as the Actors Church. The churchyard was extended a number of times and after it closed for burials was converted into a public garden in the late C19th. It was laid out with paths, areas of lawn, shrubberies and flower beds; most gravestones were cleared, although some remained along the back of the church and on the north wall of the Clerk's House. C18th cast-iron railings and wrought iron gates remained, and the stocks and whipping post under a thatched roof were in the north west corner of the site.
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St Leonard's Cottage Homes was established on former farmland of Harrow Lodge by the Poor Law Guardians of the Parish of St Leonard in Shoreditch, desirous of re-locating the destitute children of their parish to healthier, rural surroundings. The pioneering scheme had 11 2-storey 'cottages', each housing 30 children, built facing each other across a wide gravelled roadway that ran south from the entrance and Warden's lodge on Hornchurch Road. It was provided with a school, swimming bath, workshops and infirmary, and landscaping was an important component. A communal green space, front and back gardens as well as vegetable gardens and orchard, tennis courts and cricket were provided. The homes closed in 1984, becoming largely derelict, but from 1990 has been converted for private residence. Although the unity and much of the detail of the original layout are lost, it preserves a sense of its former character.
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St Leonard’s Priory is part of the former churchyard of Bromley St Leonard Church, which originated with a C12th Benedictine nunnery dedicated to St Leonard. Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the priory lands passed into private hands. The old priory chancel was rebuilt in 1843 as the parish church of St Mary with St Leonard but was bombed in WWII. Part of the churchyard had been lost to house building by the early C19th. All that remains is part of the boundary wall and the How Memorial Gateway erected in 1894, which forms the entrance to what remains of the churchyard. In the 1990s part of the site became a children's playground, the remainder managed for wildlife. The site has been cleared of undergrowth and laid out with paths in 2011.
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St Luke's Church and Gardens are laid out on the former churchyard. The church was built in 1733 when it became a separate parish as the population in the area increased. Due to subsidence the church was largely dismantled in 1959/60 when the roof was removed and it became a picturesque ruin after initial plans to convert it fell through. It has now been restored to become the home of the London Symphony Orchestra's community and music education programme, LSO Discovery. The railings, gates and piers around the church gardens date from c.1852, set on a low brick parapet wall, and the garden onto Old Street has a few tombs remaining including the railed chest tomb of Thomas Hanby (d.1786). The area to the north of the church was laid out as a public garden in 1878, maintained by the vestry. Once a rose garden, this area was re-landscaped in 2006 with lawns, paths and a central feature with seating and raised beds.
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St Luke's Church was consecrated in 1825, built to serve the growing population of what was then Lower Norwood, a rural area that was beginning to be built up from the early C19th. The area was re-named West Norwood 1885. The churchyard was closed for burials in 1863 and in 1949 part of the former burial ground was laid out as a garden of rest as a WWII war memorial. The WWI Memorial stands at the front of the church. The garden was re-landscaped in 2006, and has a central path, lawns and shrub beds with planting including lavender. Replica railings to replace those removed in WWII were reinstated in 2009, at which time the Memorial Garden was re-dedicated.
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A church in Charlton is mentioned in 1077 and the manor was within Bermondsey Abbey until the C16th. The medieval parish church of St Luke, built of chalk and flint, was demolished and largely rebuilt in the 1630s. The small churchyard, now closed to burials, has gravestones set among grass, trees including yew, a number of shrubs in front of the building, and a flagstone path from the small entrance gate to the church. On the nearby village green Charlton Hornfair was held on St Luke's Day, 18 October, until 1816.
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* on The National Heritage List for England, Parks & Gardens
Public gardens that were formerly the churchyard of St Luke's Church, built as the new Chelsea parish church in 1820-24. An area to the south had been used as a graveyard from 1813. After the burial ground was closed, the site was acquired from the Chelsea Vestry in 1887 and laid out as a public garden, designed by the Borough Surveyor with plants supplied by Messrs. Veitch. The garden had paths, lawns, island beds and fine trees, with gravestones along north and south walls. To the north of the church is a small recreation ground.
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St Luke's Hospital was founded in 1751 by St Luke's Charity, which played an important role in early treatment of mental health, initially having an asylum in Upper Moorfields, before moving to Old Street. It re-located to the present site in 1927 when the hospital authorities purchased three C19th villas and their gardens on Woodside Avenue. The hospital buildings were sited around a central garden and connected to each other by loggias that traverse the gardens. Later landscaping included a more formal garden in front of the neo-Georgian Administration Block. In 1993 a new Special Needs Unit was built as a result of which some of the shrubberies were lost and trees felled, although some new planting was carried out. In 2011 the NHS Trust responsible for St Luke's, Camden and Islington Foundation Trust, began to close wards, leaving a sole occupational therapy unit open, The site was finally put up for sale.and it has now been redeveloped as a new housing development known as Woodside Square.
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A church dedicated to St Magnus the Martyr has been on the site from at least the C11th. An earlier building destroyed in the Great Fire was rebuilt by Wren in 1671-84, the stone tower completed some 30 years later, its projecting clock once the only clock visible to those crossing London Bridge. Among those buried here were various City dignitaries including Lord Mayors of London of the C14th-C17th. The church was substantially altered in the 1760s firstly following a fire and soon after this when the road onto Old London Bridge was widened. A pedestrian route was created by demolishing two of the church's west bays, when the lower storey of the tower became an external porch. In the churchyard is a fragment of timber, one of the oak baulks of which the early Roman embankment was built, and fragments of stone arches from Old London Bridge.