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* on The National Heritage List for England, Parks & Gardens

Canons Park is a fragment of the great C18th landscape garden laid out for the Duke and Duchess of Chandos. The estate is so-called after the Augustinian canons of St Bartholomew in Smithfield, who owned the Manor of Stanmore in 1086. The estate had various subsequent owners, notably William Hallett who rebuilt the house in 1760, and Sir Thomas Plummer, who may have sought Humphry Repton's advice on the landscape. The last private owner was Sir Arthur du Cros, for whom formal Arts & Crafts style gardens were laid out by Charles Mallows. The estate was eventually broken up in the early C20th, the house and 10 acres of land purchased for North London Collegiate School in 1929. Part of the remainder of the estate was acquired by Harrow Council and became the public park, although land to the east and west was also sold off for building. 85 acres were sold for the Canons Park Estate, which retained features of the earlier landscape, mature trees and two lakes. In the late 1930s the George V Memorial Garden was laid out within the old walled kitchen garden.

Capel Manor Horticultural and Environmental Centre is on part of an earlier manor acquired in 1486 by Sir William Capel, whose family was later involved in the creation of Kew Gardens. In the C16th the manor was surrendered to the Crown and then went through a number of private owners. In 1812 the estate was sold off in lots, the house eventually purchased in 1840 by James Warren, whose family owned the property until 1932. The last private owner was Lt Col Sydney Medcalf who was interested in horticulture and horses, planting numerous evergreen shrubs. After 1958 the estate and gardens became neglected but, at the suggestion of local horticulturist Frances Perry, it was acquired by Enfield Council in 1968 and opened as an agricultural college. The original C17th garden has been much overlaid but some of the trees in the grounds probably date from the C18th. Theme gardens have been created by the college to trace the history of gardens and gardening.

Nelmes Manor, one of 12 manors in Hornchurch in medieval times, took its name from Richard Elms who owned the estate in the C13th and C14th; it later became known as Great Nelmes. The estate remained largely intact until 1895 when the southern part was sold and developed as Emerson Park Estate. The northern section around the C16th manor house was developed from 1901 when the remainder of the 241-acre estate was put up for sale, apart from Great Nelmes (later demolished in 1967), Capel Nelmes and 10 acres. Capel Nelmes was formerly the stable block to Great Nelmes, used as a residence from c.1870. The manor grounds had contained a walled garden, lake, orchard and fine trees; a number of Cedars still stand. To the east is the remains of a moat, now incorporated into a modern development, and a C17th Well Tower, a former conduit house to Great Nelmes, stands in a private garden.

Carlisle Park is named after George James, 9th Earl of Carlisle, who was a keen artist. Bounded by hedging to the surrounding housing, with perimeter trees and path, the park contains some seats and shrubberies but is largely used for sports. The central area consists of a cricket / sports fields, and there is also a bowling green and tennis courts. A small mid C20th pavilion with clock tower is surrounded by flowerbeds. The main entrance on Wensleydale Road has brick stone-capped gate piers with ornamental gates, and a drive flanked by flower beds leads to a car park; flower beds also flank the path leading to the entrance on Carlisle Road.

Carlton House Terrace Gardens comprise two main enclosures, laid out on part of the former site of C18th Carlton House and its grounds. The site has a lengthy history: it was part of a Royal deer park and gardens of Charles II's Palace of St James. Carlton House became the home of Frederick Prince of Wales and later the Prince Regent but on his accession, George IV took Buckingham Palace as his residence. Carlton House was demolished in 1827 and Carlton House Terrace and Carlton Gardens were built as a revenue-generating scheme. Designed by John Nash, it included 3 ornamental gardens, together with other landscaped areas. Many of the C19th houses survive and the area remains part of the Crown Estate.

Carlton Square was built as part of William Pemberton Barnes' Globe Fields Estate, developed between 1848 and 1855. The central garden was re-ordered under the auspices of the MPGA and opened to the public in 1885 by HRH Princess Louise. Thereafter maintenance was carried out by the LCC. Carlton Square Gardens, a new and larger open space to the east, was created in the 1960s.

This is one of a series of squares lined by listed terraces along the King's Road developed by the Cadogan Estate. The private communal garden was provided for the use of lessees of adjoining and nearby houses; although the houses were not completed until 1867 it appears that the garden was the first element to be laid out in 1836. At one time within the Manor of Chelsea, land in the area was purchased by Sir Hans Sloane in 1712; on his death his estate was divided between his two daughters, the eastern part going to Elizabeth, becoming the Cadogan Estate on her marriage to Charles Cadogan. With architect Henry Holland, Cadogan began developing the 90-acre estate from the 1770s, to be called Hans Town. The garden has reinstated cast iron railings, and is laid out with grass, shrubs and trees, and a central feature. Formerly known as Oakley Square, its name was changed in 1875 in honour of the philosopher Thomas Carlyle, who lived in Chelsea.

This is the small walled garden to the Queen Anne house where writer and historian Thomas Carlyle lived with his wife Jane from 1834-81. It was purchased by public subscription in 1895 and opened to the public. Their garden had flowers and vegetables, a cherry tree, grape vine and walnut tree, lilac bushes, hawthorn, ash, jessamine, wallflowers and much mint, including plants to remind Jane of her native Scotland. The Carlyle's House Memorial Trust was formed to administer it, and it opened to the public in 1896. It was transferred to the National Trust in 1936. The garden is being planted with plants mentioned in the Carlyles' writings.

The Licensed Victuallers Asylum opened in 1833, initially designed to provide 43 homes for retired victuallers, but over the next decades demand for accommodation was such that it expanded considerably, becoming the largest almshouse complex in London. The first range is on 3 sides of a quadrangle overlooking a large expanse of garden, with railings to the road. By the 1870s there were 205 residents in 176 units. The Society had been incorporated by Royal Charter in 1843 and had ongoing connections with royalty, the Prince of Wales its first patron. In 1959 the Society moved to new Almshouses in Denham and in 1960 Camberwell Borough Council acquired the property for council housing. It was renamed Caroline Gardens after a former resident.

Noel Caron, wealthy landowner, philanthropist and Dutch Ambassador to Elizabeth I, built seven almshouses on Kingston/Wandsworth Road in 1622 for seven poor but honest women of Lambeth parish. No garden records have been found, but a watercolour exists of the almshouses before they were demolished as unsuitable in 1853. In 1854 seven new Caron almshouses were built in nearby Fentiman Road, with a communal front garden and seven separate back gardens (as shown by maps until 1932): a 1950 map shows the seven separate back gardens as a single unit. Trustee ‘minutes’ reveal that Vauxhall Park gardeners maintained the almshouse gardens. Site visits suggest that holm oak, cherry and sycamore were early garden trees. Today’s care body is Family Mosaic.

* on The National Heritage List for England, Parks & Gardens

Once part of the medieval Manor of Carshalton and an estate called the Old Farm, Carshalton House was largely rebuilt in 1718-21 for Sir John Fellowes. A formal landscape was laid out for him by Charles Bridgeman, modified in the latter C18th by informal landscaping. The property became a school in the mid C19th and the house is now part of St Philomena’s School in whose grounds are remains of the C18th landscape park, including an early C18th Water Tower and The Hermitage, a grotto by the lake.

Carshalton Park is a former medieval deer park and was once part of the extensive Carshalton Park Estate owned for much the C18th by the Scawen family, who also owned the neighbouring Stone Court estate from 1729. Both estates were inherited by Thomas Scawen who undertook landscaping works, although his new house here was never realised. After his death in 1774 Carshalton Park had a number of owners and later became a public park when it was acquired by Carshalton UDC. Remnants of earlier landscaping include a C17th grotto.