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Bayswater was a rural area until the mid C19th when it was developed for housing. Part of the land here was owned by the Craven Pest House Charity and Craven Settled Estates, after the 3rd Earl of Craven purchased 3 acres of land and built pesthouses here in the 1730s to serve the local parishes. Terraced housing of Craven Hill Gardens was built on the site of the pesthouses and two gardens were provided for the leaseholders, north and south of Craven Hill, which remained in the ownership of the Craven Pest House Charity and the Craven Settled Estates respectively. The northern enclosure is now Hempel Garden Square, the private garden of The Hempel hotel, landscaped as a Japanese-style Zen garden.
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Crease Park was probably once part of Eden Park estate, formerly called Eden Farm. The park was opened in July 1936 by Alderman James Crease JP, after who it was named in honour of his ‘unremitting endeavours towards the acquisition of open spaces in Beckenham’. He had served as a member of the local authority since 1898.
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The riverside Cremorne Gardens were re-landscaped in 1981/2, but commemorate the Cremorne Pleasure Gardens that were on the site from 1845-77. Located in the gardens are the restored Cremorne Gates that once stood at the King's Road end of the original gardens and belonged to Lord Cremorne's house. The gates serve to divide the park into two areas: a cobbled area with raised beds, planters, War Memorial and steps leading to the river promenade; and an area of lawn on undulating ground with shrubs and seating.
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Crescent Gardens were laid out on former rural open space, and by 1894 there were curving paths in the north part, and by 1910 the whole was laid out with serpentine paths, trees, shrubberies and formal bedding. The WWI war memorial on High Road was in place pre-1935. The south end of the gardens was renamed King George VI Memorial Garden and opened on 25 April 1953, laid out with shrub beds behind stone retaining walls, seating and a small circular rose bed in the centre.
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Crescent Grove is a private estate laid out by Francis Child in 1824 on what was previously fields adjacent to Clapham Common. It is a good example of early C19th suburban development and provided housing of different types and sizes. Child built a large detached house with an extensive garden at the end of the estate for his own use. This was called Grove Lodge but was demolished in 1936. The central garden is an open lozenge between the fine houses, but there is evidence that it was once railed above the low stone edging. Landscaping now consists of lawn with three flowerbeds, numerous trees and ornamental shrubs, and three benches, one installed in memory of Robert and Betty Bates, residents here from the late 1940s-2003, both committed to the conservation and improvement of Crescent Grove.
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These private communal gardens were provided for residents of the houses of Creswell Gardens that back onto it, which were built as part of the Gunter Estate. The development of the estate took place from the 1840s onwards, and Cresswell Gardens was built at the latter phase of the development, in 1884-5.
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Crewe House is a rare survival in central London of a detached mansion set in its original grounds. Built in the early C18th it was considerably altered in the late C18th and early C19th. Previously known as Wharncliffe House, it was purchased in 1899 by the Marquis of Crewe and renamed Crewe House. In 1937 it became offices for Messrs. Tilling and it is now the Saudi Arabian Embassy, extensively restored for this use by architects Michael Lyell Associates in 1988-90. The house is visible through an ornamental wrought iron screen with gates and lodges at either end, also by Michael Lyell Associates, which replaced a rendered brick wall. The garden within is entirely re-landscaped and is abundantly supplied with dwarf plants.
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Cricklewood developed rapidly once the Child's Hill and Cricklewood Station opened in 1870. Midland Railway Company had purchased 150 acres of former agricultural land and in addition to its extensive railway facilities built housing for the employees. This consisted of 5 terraces, all but one named after prominent railway officials. Between Midland and Johnston Terraces was an open green swathe of communal garden, later sub-divided into individual plots, possibly as part of the war effort for growing food. In 1969 this communal garden was re-established, sub-divided by access roads into four areas of grass and cherry trees. The area between the other terraces was, and remains, sub-divided into gardens and allotments, with a playing ground situated to the south.
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Croham Hurst is an extensive woodland area with historical and natural interest. The bare summit at c.477 ft above sea level meant it was a safe place for early settlement, but it was later used for farming. The manor of Cronham (Croham) became the property of Archbishop Whitgift in the C18th but in the late C19th when Croham Hurst was a popular place to visit, few people realised it was private. In 1898 the Whitgift Governors planned to sell the lower slopes for development, and offered the higher part to Croydon Corporation. A spirited campaign against any development resulted in the whole of Croham Hurst being purchased by the Corporation in February 1901, and it continues to be a popular local beauty spot.
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Crooked Billet is a small corner of Wimbledon Common with a green, two public houses and residential housing, which despite surrounding development has never quite lost its identity as a semi-rural enclave. It was former grazing land, with adjoining farm buildings and cottages dating back to at least the C17th and possibly earlier. The origins of the name Crooked Billet are disputed. There are a number of trees on the green, including a horse chestnut, willow and London plane.
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Crossbones Memorial Garden commemorates the former burial ground for 'single women' of Bankside, also known as 'Winchester Geese' for being licensed to work by the Bishop of Winchester. Not permitted to be buried in hallowed ground, it is believed that the unconsecrated plot designated as their burial ground was on this site, with references to its existence from at least 1598. The burial ground closed in 1853 and the site remained vacant but had various uses over the years. In the 1990s, when it was partly excavated for the Jubilee Line extension, 148 skeletons were uncovered, reputedly less than 1% of the total burials. Between 2006-2012 the Friends of Crossbones created a secret guerrilla garden on the site, and since 2015 it has been transformed into a memorial garden, in collaboration with Bankside Open Spaces.
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The complex of buildings at Crossness Pumping Station form an important industrial landmark and example of public health engineering of the mid-Victorian era. The site, then part of the rural Erith marshes along the River Thames, was chosen for its remoteness where sewage from London could be safely discharged into the river after high tide and carried to the sea. Within the historic site are remnants of a garden terrace and the tree-lined drive over the Southern Outfall sewer to the main buildings of the Pumping Station.