Description
The Progress Estate was built by the Government over 10 months in 1915 to provide emergency accommodation for munitions workers at the nearby Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. The estate, originally called Well Hall Estate, was laid out on a hilly site on 'Garden Suburb' principles, with low density cottage-style housing, careful attention to detailing and use of materials. In addition to private gardens, throughout the estate were planted verges, hedged footpaths, and other landscaping, as well as two 'village greens'. Lovelace Green forms the larger of these communal open spaces with Sandby Green the smaller. The integrity of the estate endures, with most of the original housing still surviving, an important example of town planning of that period.
Practical Information
| Previously known as | Well Hall Estate |
|---|---|
| Site location | Lovelace Green, Eltham |
| Postcode | SE9 |
| What3Words | ///solar.singer.wages |
| Type of Site | Housing/Estate Landscaping |
| Borough | Greenwich |
| Open to Public | Yes |
| Opening Times | unrestricted |
| Public Transport | Rail: Eltham. Bus: 122, 161. |
| Research Updated | 1 November 2007 |
| Last Updated | 18 October 2026 |
Full description
Lovelace Green and Sandby Green are areas of communal garden within the Progress Estate, which was built in 1915 and originally known as Well Hall Estate. It was built for the Government in some 10 months during World War I to provide 1,000 houses and 200 flats for munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. The land identified for the new estate was predominantly farmland used for market gardening, containing no houses, and covered the wooded slopes either side of Well Hall Road and was probably part of the Page Estate that owned Well Hall and Well Hall Farm. Well Hall Road had long existed, connecting the village of Eltham and the town of Woolwich, and by 1915 had a tram line; a bus route was added in 1916 enabling people on the estate to get to work in Woolwich. The estate was immediately to the north of Well Hall, which dated from medieval times; by 1915, an C18th house set in grounds, it was the home of the children's author Edith Nesbit who lived here until her death in 1924. The house and grounds were purchased by Woolwich Council in 1929, the house was demolished in the 1930s and the site later became the public park of Well Hall Pleasaunce (q.v.).
Due to the urgency of the need to accommodate munitions workers at Woolwich, the decision was taken to build the new estate within a 6-month timescale. A scheme of 1,200 houses was agreed by the Ministry of Munitions, the Office of Works and the Local Government Board on 8 January 1915, adhering to the highest town planning standards. The design was undertaken by the Office of Works Architects Department under its Chief Architect (Sir) Frank Baines, who was a pupil of Charles Robert Ashbee, an influential exponent of the Arts and Crafts movement. The plan prepared by architect Mr Phillips was chosen and detailed design for the layout of the first 40 houses was completed within 2 weeks. In order to achieve the tight timescale it proved necessary to build on a 'prime cost' basis and in all over 5,000 men worked on building the estate. Work proceeded rapidly with 800 houses completed by 20 July. Agreement was reached with the LCC to manage the scheme, and the first 273 houses were occupied by August; by 15 September 1,000 houses were built and in December the whole estate was complete and all the houses handed over to the LCC, who by then were already providing temporary classrooms for 680 estate children. The LCC continued to manage the estate until 1920 when it passed to the Office of Works, who managed it until 1925. It was then sold to Progress Estates Ltd, a company in which the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society had a large interest. Founded in 1868 by Arsenal workers, the RACS was responsible for building houses on the fringes of Woolwich. By the time the Progress Estates took over the estate, 64 of the houses had been sold by the Office of Works, and another 400 were sold by 1950. In 1980 Hyde Housing Association purchased 500 houses from the RACS.
The estate was laid out on 'Garden Suburb' principles and was intended as 'a showpiece solution to emergency housing problems created by the war'. Nikolaus Pevsner described it as 'a tour de force of picturesque design . . . A virtuoso recreation of the 'old English village'.' The estate as built comprised 1,200 low density housing units and proved influential in local authority housing schemes developed following the end of the war. The estate layout comprised well-planned, picturesquely aligned streets that were connected by hedged footpaths, and the houses resembled cottages found in traditional English villages; materials used included natural Westmoreland slate, with attention paid to detailing of roofs, porches, front doors and windows, which were wooden frame casements. The houses were provided with private front, back and side gardens with oak fences and gates to the front gardens. Throughout the estate there were also public grassed and planted areas and green verges, with two public open spaces designed to resemble traditional village greens. The larger of the two is Lovelace Green, and the smaller is Sandby Green. Existing trees were retained when the estate was laid out, and if necessary houses were set back from the road to avoid tree felling. Lovelace Green is on slightly undulating ground with paths running across it and hedged on its boundaries. In the grass are shrub beds and trees, with two areas of paving.
Due to the urgency of the need to accommodate munitions workers at Woolwich, the decision was taken to build the new estate within a 6-month timescale. A scheme of 1,200 houses was agreed by the Ministry of Munitions, the Office of Works and the Local Government Board on 8 January 1915, adhering to the highest town planning standards. The design was undertaken by the Office of Works Architects Department under its Chief Architect (Sir) Frank Baines, who was a pupil of Charles Robert Ashbee, an influential exponent of the Arts and Crafts movement. The plan prepared by architect Mr Phillips was chosen and detailed design for the layout of the first 40 houses was completed within 2 weeks. In order to achieve the tight timescale it proved necessary to build on a 'prime cost' basis and in all over 5,000 men worked on building the estate. Work proceeded rapidly with 800 houses completed by 20 July. Agreement was reached with the LCC to manage the scheme, and the first 273 houses were occupied by August; by 15 September 1,000 houses were built and in December the whole estate was complete and all the houses handed over to the LCC, who by then were already providing temporary classrooms for 680 estate children. The LCC continued to manage the estate until 1920 when it passed to the Office of Works, who managed it until 1925. It was then sold to Progress Estates Ltd, a company in which the Royal Arsenal Co-operative Society had a large interest. Founded in 1868 by Arsenal workers, the RACS was responsible for building houses on the fringes of Woolwich. By the time the Progress Estates took over the estate, 64 of the houses had been sold by the Office of Works, and another 400 were sold by 1950. In 1980 Hyde Housing Association purchased 500 houses from the RACS.
The estate was laid out on 'Garden Suburb' principles and was intended as 'a showpiece solution to emergency housing problems created by the war'. Nikolaus Pevsner described it as 'a tour de force of picturesque design . . . A virtuoso recreation of the 'old English village'.' The estate as built comprised 1,200 low density housing units and proved influential in local authority housing schemes developed following the end of the war. The estate layout comprised well-planned, picturesquely aligned streets that were connected by hedged footpaths, and the houses resembled cottages found in traditional English villages; materials used included natural Westmoreland slate, with attention paid to detailing of roofs, porches, front doors and windows, which were wooden frame casements. The houses were provided with private front, back and side gardens with oak fences and gates to the front gardens. Throughout the estate there were also public grassed and planted areas and green verges, with two public open spaces designed to resemble traditional village greens. The larger of the two is Lovelace Green, and the smaller is Sandby Green. Existing trees were retained when the estate was laid out, and if necessary houses were set back from the road to avoid tree felling. Lovelace Green is on slightly undulating ground with paths running across it and hedged on its boundaries. In the grass are shrub beds and trees, with two areas of paving.
Further Information
| Grid Reference | TQ426757 |
|---|---|
| Site Ownership | RB Greenwich |
| Site Management | Parks and Open Spaces Department |
| Dates | 1915 |
| Designers | Office of Works Architects Department (Chief Architect: Frank Baines) |
| On National Heritage List for England (NHLE), Parks & Gardens | No |
| Registered common or village green on Commons Registration Act 1965 | No |
| Protected under London Squares Preservation Act 1931 | No |
| Local Authority | Greenwich |
| In Conservation Area | Yes |
| Conservation Area Name | Progress Estate |
| Tree Preservation Order | Not known |
| Nature Conservation Area | No |
| Green Belt | No |
| Metropolitan Open Land | No |
| Special Policy Area | No |
| Other LA Designation | Community Open Space; Article 4 Direction |
Please note the Inventory and its content are provided for your general information only and are subject to change. It is your responsibility to check the accuracy.
Nearby parks and gardens
Greenwich Cemetery was founded 1856 by Greenwich Burial Board on a hilly site, which commands fine views towards both the City and Crystal Palace. The cemetery has two Gothic chapels, and a 1930s lodge at the entrance. Due to the proximity of the military academy and other institutions at Woolwich, there are numerous army personnel buried here. There is little mature planting, and particularly interesting tombs are found predominantly near the chapels.
* on The National Heritage List for England, Parks & Gardens
Well Hall is known to have been occupied from the C13th and in 1495 there was a moated manor house here owned by William Roper, whose C16th barn remains, now in use as a venue. In the C18th the medieval house was demolished and a new one built to the east, later the home of children's author E Nesbit. As the surrounding area was being built up, Well Hall estate was sold to Woolwich Borough Council in 1930 for a public park to cater for the new residents, the barn converted as a library and museum. The gardens were laid out by 1936 with a series of linked garden areas with ornamental planting and more informal areas, although the first part of the park opened in 1933, named Well Hall Pleasaunce. Much of the 1930s layout remains as well as historic features such as medieval walls, moat and bee-boles. The Tudor Barn is leased as a restaurant and venue.
Well Hall is known to have been occupied from the C13th and in 1495 there was a moated manor house here owned by William Roper, whose C16th barn remains, now in use as a venue. In the C18th the medieval house was demolished and a new one built to the east, later the home of children's author E Nesbit. As the surrounding area was being built up, Well Hall estate was sold to Woolwich Borough Council in 1930 for a public park to cater for the new residents, the barn converted as a library and museum. The gardens were laid out by 1936 with a series of linked garden areas with ornamental planting and more informal areas, although the first part of the park opened in 1933, named Well Hall Pleasaunce. Much of the 1930s layout remains as well as historic features such as medieval walls, moat and bee-boles. The Tudor Barn is leased as a restaurant and venue.
A large rose garden and terraces remain on the site of Castle Wood House, built in 1870 and now demolished. The site was purchased by the LCC after the last owner's death in 1920 and it was opened to the public in 1925 as an addition to the existing public park around nearby Severndroog Castle, both now incorporated into Shooters Hill Woodlands. The garden has mature Wellingtonia, flower beds set into lawn and the remains of stonework terraces and steps.
